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fig 6

fig 6

Hydrodynamic simulation of drosophila embryo mesoderm invagination.
a At time zero, the acto-myosin apical tension is increased at apical membranes (external membranes) in ventral mesoderm cells (the 7 upper cells in the simulation), in response to the increase of Myosin-II apical concentration regulated by the transduction pathway involving Dorsal, Twist and Snail.
b The mechanical and hydrodynamics response of the all embryo is mesoderm invagination. The simulation describes individual cells, with membranes and junctions as sub-cellular mechanical structures. Subcellulalr movements of apical membrane flattening, apical movements of adherens junctions, apical constriction, invaginating cells elongation and subsequent shortering, experimentally observed, are predicted by the simulation. As well as the formation of a ventro-dorsal thickness gradient. Such multi-scale simulation suggests that mesoderm invagination, with the associated cascade of sub-cellular movements experimentally observed, are the consequences of a unique genetically controlled event: the increase of ventral cells apical tension.